Philosopher |
Freedom of Choice |
Meaning of Life |
Religion |
Background |
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Simone de Beauvoir |
Good acts increase freedom of choice while bad acts limits it.
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Women are not born, but are made. Women are the "other" in the society.
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Raised in a respected borgeois family. Adopted atheism while still an adolescent.
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Samuel Beckett |
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Experience of waiting and struggling with a pervading sense of futility
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Albert Camus |
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Man's condition is absurd |
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Fyodor
Dostoevsky
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Sin, remorse, and redemption through sacrifice
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His father, a military surgeon and an alcoholic of harsh, despotic temperament, was brutally slain by his own serfs
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Martin
Heidegger |
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Being is shown to be intimately linked with temporality
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Ernest
Hemingway
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Karl Jaspers |
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“Encompassing” -- an essentially religious concept, intended to suggest the all-embracing transcendent reality within which human existence is enclosed
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Franz Kafka
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Individuals are burdened with guilt, isolation, and anxiety so it is futile to search for personal salvation |
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Milan Kundera |
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Futility in spiritual fulfillment
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Søren
Kierkegaard |
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Stages of existence as the aesthetic, the ethical, and the religious. Individual becomes increasingly more aware of his relationship to God.
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Truth is subjectivity. Attacked worldliness of the Danish church
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Friedrich
Nietzsche |
Superman morality that would consciously affirm life and the life values
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Slave morality
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Son of a clergyman |
Blaise Pascal |
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Necessity of mystic faith for true understanding of the universe and its meaning to man.
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Jean Paul Sartre |
Man is a responsible being
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Universe is meaningless and man is a lonely being
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World War II prisoner, escapee, and was involved in the resistance. interest in Marxism
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